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Denye aha na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta anyị maka ozi ozugbo
Ihe mmetụta LiDAR nke ikukunwere ike ijide isi ihe ụfọdụ site na pulse laser, nke a maara dị ka nha nloghachi dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ dekọọ akara zuru oke ka ọ na-alaghachi, nke a na-akpọ full-waveform, na oge edobere dịka 1 ns (nke na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka 15 cm). A na-ejikarị LiDAR nke nwere oke-waveform eme ihe n'ọhịa, ebe discrete return LiDAR nwere ngwa sara mbara n'ọtụtụ ubi. Isiokwu a na-atụlekarị return LiDAR nke nwere oke na ojiji ya. N'isiakwụkwọ a, anyị ga-ekpuchi ọtụtụ isiokwu dị mkpa gbasara LiDAR, gụnyere ihe ndị bụ isi ya, otu o si arụ ọrụ, izi ezi ya, sistemụ ya, na akụrụngwa dị.
Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke LiDAR
Sistemụ LiDAR nke dị n'ala na-ejikarị laser nwere ogologo ebili mmiri dị n'etiti 500-600 nm, ebe sistemụ LiDAR nke dị n'ikuku na-eji laser nwere ogologo ebili mmiri dị ogologo, site na 1000-1600 nm. Ntọala LiDAR nke dị n'ikuku ọkọlọtọ gụnyere nyocha laser, nkeji maka ịtụ anya anya (ngalaba na-agagharị), na sistemụ maka njikwa, nlekota, na ndekọ. Ọ gụnyekwara Sistemụ Ọnọdụ Ụwa Dị Iche Iche (DGPS) na Ngalaba Nha Inertial (IMU), nke a na-ejikarị eme otu sistemụ a maara dị ka sistemụ ọnọdụ na ntụzịaka. Sistemụ a na-enye data ebe (ogologo, latitude, na elu) na ntụzịaka (mpịakọta, pitch, na isi).
Usoro nke laser na-enyocha mpaghara ahụ nwere ike ịdị iche, gụnyere ụzọ zigzag, parallel, ma ọ bụ elliptical. Nchikota nke data DGPS na IMU, yana data nhazi na paramita nrụnye, na-enye sistemụ ohere ịhazi isi ihe laser anakọtara nke ọma. A na-ekezi isi ihe ndị a nhazi (x, y, z) na sistemụ nhazi mpaghara site na iji data World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84).
Kedu otu LiDAR si arụ ọrụNchọpụta Ime ObodoỌrụKọwaa n'ụzọ dị mfe?
Sistemụ LiDAR na-ewepụta pulse laser ngwa ngwa gaa n'ebe ihe ma ọ bụ elu ya dị.
Nkụgharị laser ahụ na-egosipụta site na ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ wee laghachi na sensọ LiDAR.
Ihe mmetụta ahụ na-atụ kpọmkwem oge ọ na-ewe ka obi ọ bụla gaa ebe a na-achọ ya na mgbe ọ laghachiri.
Site n'iji ọsọ nke ìhè na oge njem, a na-agbakọ anya ruo ebe a na-achọ ya.
N'ịjikọta ya na data ọnọdụ na ntụzịaka sitere na ihe mmetụta GPS na IMU, a na-ekpebi nhazi 3D kpọmkwem nke ntụgharị laser.
Nke a na-eme ka ígwé ojii dị oke 3D nke na-anọchite anya elu ma ọ bụ ihe a na-enyocha.
Ụkpụrụ Anụ Ahụ nke LiDAR
Sistemụ LiDAR na-eji ụdị laser abụọ: pulsed wave na continuous wave. Sistemụ LiDAR Pulsed na-arụ ọrụ site n'izipụ obere pulse ìhè wee tụọ oge ọ na-ewe ka pulse a gaa ebe a na-elekwasị anya wee laghachi na onye nnata. Ntụle a nke oge njem gburugburu na-enyere aka ịchọpụta anya dị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ. E gosipụtara ihe atụ na eserese ebe a na-egosi oke nke ma light signal (AT) na light signal (AR). Nha nha bụ isi ejiri na sistemụ a gụnyere ọsọ nke ìhè (c) na anya dị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ (R), na-enye sistemụ ohere ịgbakọ anya dabere na ogologo oge ọ na-ewe ka ìhè ahụ laghachi.
Nlele nloghachi pụrụ iche na nha ebili mmiri zuru oke site na iji LiDAR ikuku.
Sistemụ LiDAR nkịtị nke ikuku na-efe efe.
Usoro nha na LiDAR, nke na-atụle ma ihe nchọpụta na njirimara nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ka a chịkọtara site na nha LiDAR ọkọlọtọ. A na-emegharị nha a site na nha radar ma dị mkpa n'ịghọta otu sistemụ LiDAR si agbakọ anya. Ọ na-akọwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike nke akara ezigara (Pt) na ike nke akara anatara (Pr). N'ụzọ bụ isi, nha ahụ na-enyere aka ịchọpụta oke nke ìhè ebugara eweghachiri na onye nnata mgbe ọ tụlesịrị ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ, nke dị mkpa maka ikpebi anya na ịmepụta maapụ ziri ezi. Mmekọrịta a na-atụle ihe dị ka mbelata akara n'ihi anya na mmekọrịta ya na elu ebumnuche.
Ngwa nke LiDAR Remote Sensing
Nchọpụta anya LiDAR nwere ọtụtụ ngwa n'ofe ọtụtụ ngalaba:
Nhazi ala na eserese ala maka imepụta ụdị elu dijitalụ dị elu (DEMs).
Nhazi ọhịa na osisi iji mụọ nhazi osisi na biomass.
Nhazi eserese nke osimiri na nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri maka inyocha mbuze na mgbanwe ọkwa oke osimiri.
Nhazi obodo na ihe nlereanya akụrụngwa, gụnyere ụlọ na netwọk njem.
Akwụkwọ ihe ochie na ihe nketa omenala nke ebe na ihe ochie mere eme.
Nnyocha ala na igwu ala maka eserese ihe ndị dị n'elu ala na ọrụ nlekota.
Ịnyagharị ụgbọala n'onwe ya na nchọpụta ihe mgbochi.
Nnyocha mbara ala, dịka eserese elu Mars.
Ị chọrọ ndụmọdụ n'efu?
Akụrụngwa LiDAR:
Ndepụta zuru oke nke isi mmalite data LiDAR na ngwanrọ efu dị n'okpuru. Isi mmalite data LiDAR:
1.Mepee Ọdịdịhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.Onye Nchọgharị Ụwa nke USGShttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.Ndepụta Elu nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Njikọta nke United Stateshttps://coast.noaa.gov/ ngwaahịa/
4.Nchịkwa Oke Osimiri na Ikuku Mba (NOAA)Oké Osimiri Dijitalụ https://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR dị n'ịntanetịhttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Netwọk Mba Maka Nnyocha Ecological—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Data LiDAR maka Northern Spainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Data LiDAR maka United Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Ngwanrọ LiDAR n'efu:
1.Chọrọ ENVIhttp://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(maka LiDAR na data raster/vector ndị ọzọ) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.Njikọta/LDV(Nlele data LiDAR, mgbanwe, na nyocha) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Ngwaọrụ LAS(Koodu na ngwanrọ maka ịgụ na ide faịlụ LAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Ngwa GUI maka ịhụ ihe na ịtụgharị nke LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(Ọbá akwụkwọ C/C++ maka ịgụ/ide usoro LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Nhazi nkuku dị iche iche maka LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.Echiche efu nke MARS(Nyocha 3D nke data LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Nyocha zuru oke(Ngwanrọ mepere emepe maka nhazi na ịhụ anya igwe ojii na ụdị waveforms LiDARpoint) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Ime Anwansi Igwe Ojii Point (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Onye Na-agụ Ala Ngwa Ngwa(Ịhụ anya nke igwe ojii isi LiDAR) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Enwere ike ịchọta ngwa ngwanrọ LiDAR ndị ọzọ na ibe weebụ Open Topography ToolRegistry na http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Nkwanye ugwu
- Edemede a gụnyere nnyocha sitere na "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" nke Vinícius Guimarães dere, 2020. Edemede ahụ zuru ezu dị.Ebe a.
- Ndepụta zuru oke a na nkọwa zuru ezu nke isi mmalite data LiDAR na ngwanrọ efu na-enye ngwa ọrụ dị mkpa maka ndị ọkachamara na ndị nchọpụta n'ọhịa nke nchọpụta anya na nyocha ala.
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Oge ozi: Eprel-16-2024