Site na ọganihu ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ optoelectronic, a na-eji lasers semiconductor eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka telekomunika, ọgwụ, nhazi ụlọ ọrụ, na LiDAR, n'ihi arụmọrụ dị elu, nha kọmpat, na mfe nke modulation. N'isi nke nkà na ụzụ a bụ usoro uru, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka"isi iyi ike”nke na-enyere mkpali emission na laser ọgbọ, na-ekpebi laser's arụmọrụ, ogologo wavele, na ike ngwa.
1. Gịnị bụ Ọkara uru?
Dị ka aha ahụ na-egosi, ihe na-enweta uru bụ ihe na-enye nkwalite anya. Mgbe obi ụtọ site na isi mmalite ike dị na mpụga (dị ka ịgbanye ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ mgbapụta anya), ọ na-eme ka ọkụ na-eme ihe na-amụba site na usoro nke na-akpali akpali, na-eduga na mmepụta laser.
N'ime lasers semiconductor, ihe na-enweta ihe na-abụkarị mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ PN, nke ihe mejupụtara ya, usoro ya na ụzọ doping na-emetụta kpọmkwem isi ihe dị ka ọnụ ụzọ dị ugbu a, ogologo ikuku ikuku, arụmọrụ, na njirimara ọkụ.
2. Ihe ndị a na-enwetakarị na Lasers Semiconductor
III-V compound semiconductors bụ ihe a na-ejikarị enweta ihe. Ọmụmaatụ a na-ahụkarị gụnyere:
①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)
Kwesịrị ekwesị maka lasers emitting na 850-980 nm nso, nke a na-ejikarị na nkwukọrịta ngwa anya na mbipụta laser.
②InP (Indium Phosphide)
A na-eji ya eme ihe na eriri 1.3 µm na 1.55 µm, dị mkpa maka nkwukọrịta fiber-optic.
③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Enwere ike ịmegharị ihe ha mejupụtara iji nweta ogologo ogologo ogologo dị iche iche, na-etolite ntọala maka atụmatụ laser Tunable-wavelength.
Ihe ndị a na-egosipụtakarị ihe owuwu bandgap kpọmkwem, na-eme ka ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nchikota oghere eletrọn na ikuku foton, dị mma maka ojiji na ọkara laser semiconductor.
3. Evolution of Gain Structures
Ka teknụzụ mmepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu, ihe nrụpụta na lasers semiconductor esitela na homojunction nke mbụ ruo na heterojunctions, wee gaa n'ihu na nhazi quantum dị elu na nhazi ntụpọ quantum.
①Heterojunction Gain Ọkara
Site na ijikọ ihe semiconductor na bandgaps dị iche iche, ndị na-ebu na foton nwere ike ịnọchi ya nke ọma na mpaghara ahọpụtara, na-eme ka uru uru na ibelata ọnụ ahịa ugbu a.
②Ọdịdị nke ọma quantum
Site n'ibelata ọkpụrụkpụ nke mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ na nha nanometer, a na-egbochi elektrọn n'akụkụ abụọ, na-abawanye arụmọrụ recombination nke ukwuu. Nke a na-ebute lasers nwere ọnụ mmiri dị ala yana nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ ka mma.
③Ọdịdị Quantum Dot
N'iji usoro nchikota nke onwe, a na-emepụta nanostructures efu, na-enye ikesa ọkwa ike dị nkọ. Ihe owuwu ndị a na-enye njirimara uru na nkwụsi ike ogologo oge, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ebe nyocha maka lasers semiconductor na-arụ ọrụ dị elu nke ọgbọ na-abịa.
4. Gịnị Ka Ọkara Ọkara Ga-ekpebi?
①Ogologo ikuku ikuku
Bandgap nke ihe onwunwe na-ekpebi laser's ife ogologo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, InGaAs dị mma maka laser infrared dị nso, ebe InGaN na-eji laser blue ma ọ bụ violet.
②Ịrụ ọrụ & Ike
Mbugharị ụgbọ ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ nchikota na-abụghị nke ọkụ na-emetụta arụmọrụ ntụgharị anya na ọkụ eletrik.
③Arụmọrụ okpomọkụ
Ihe dị iche iche na-anabata mgbanwe okpomọkụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche, na-emetụta ntụkwasị obi nke laser na gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ na ndị agha.
④Nzaghachi Modulation
The uru ọkara na-emetụta laser's ọsọ nke nzaghachi, nke dị oke egwu na ngwa nkwurịta okwu dị elu.
5. Nkwubi okwu
N'ime usoro mgbagwoju anya nke lasers semiconductor, ihe a na-enweta bụ n'ezie "obi" ya.-ọ bụghị naanị maka ịmepụta laser kamakwa maka imetụta oge ndụ ya, nkwụsi ike, na ọnọdụ ngwa ya. Site na nhọpụta ihe ruo na nhazi nhazi, site na arụmọrụ macroscopic ruo na usoro microscopic, ọganihu ọ bụla na-enweta na-eme ka teknụzụ laser na-arụ ọrụ ka ukwuu, ngwa ndị sara mbara, na nyocha miri emi.
Site na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na sayensị ihe na teknụzụ nano-fabrication, a na-atụ anya inweta ihe n'ọdịnihu ga-eweta nchapụta dị elu, mkpuchi ogologo ogologo ogologo, na ngwọta laser ka mma.-imeghe ohere ndị ọzọ maka sayensị, ụlọ ọrụ na ọha mmadụ.
Oge nzipu: Jul-17-2025