Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ optoelectronic, lasers semiconductor achọpụtala ngwa zuru ebe niile na mpaghara dị ka nkwukọrịta, akụrụngwa ọgwụ, ụdị laser, nhazi ụlọ ọrụ, na ngwa elektrọn ndị ahịa. N'isi nke nkà na ụzụ a bụ njikọ PN, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa - ọ bụghị naanị dị ka isi iyi ọkụ kamakwa dịka ntọala nke ọrụ ngwaọrụ ahụ. Edemede a na-enye nkọwa doro anya na nkenke nke nhazi, ụkpụrụ, na ọrụ ndị dị mkpa nke njikọ PN na lasers semiconductor.
1. Gịnị bụ a PN Junction?
Njikọ PN bụ interface etolite n'etiti semiconductor ụdị P na ụdị N:
P-ụdị semiconductor na-etinye ihe adịghị ọcha nke ndị na-anabata ya, dị ka boron (B), na-eme oghere ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-ebu ibu.
Ụdị semiconductor nke ụdị N na-eji adịghị ọcha ndị nyere onyinye, dị ka phosphorus (P), na-eme ka electrons bụrụ ndị na-ebu.
Mgbe a na-ebute ụdị P na ụdị N na kọntaktị, electrons sitere na mpaghara N na-agbasa na mpaghara P, oghere ndị si na P-region na-agbasa na mpaghara N. Mgbasa mgbasa a na-emepụta mpaghara mmebi ebe electrons na oghere na-ejikọta, na-ahapụ n'azụ ion ebubo na-emepụta ebe eletrik dị n'ime, nke a maara dị ka ihe mgbochi nwere ike ime.
2. Ọrụ PN Junction na Lasers
(1) Ngwunye ụgbọelu
Mgbe laser na-arụ ọrụ, njikọ PN na-aga n'ihu: a na-ejikọta P-mpaghara na voltaji dị mma, na mpaghara N na voltaji na-adịghị mma. Nke a na-akagbu oghere eletrik dị n'ime, na-enye ohere ịgbanye electrons na oghere n'ime mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ na nkwụsịtụ, ebe ọ ga-abụ na ha ga-ejikọta.
(2) Mgbapụta ọkụ: Mmalite nke ikuku mkpali
Na mpaghara nọ n'ọrụ, electrons agbanyere na oghere na-ejikọta ma hapụ foton. Na mbido, usoro a na-apụta n'onwe ya, mana ka njupụta foton na-abawanye, photons nwere ike kpalite nchikota oghere eletrọn ọzọ, na-ewepụta photon ndị ọzọ n'otu oge, ntụzịaka, na ume — nke a na-akpali emission.
Usoro a na-etolite ntọala nke laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).
(3) Nweta na Resonant Cavities Ụdị mmepụta Laser
Iji mee ka ikuku na-akpali akpali, lasers semiconductor gụnyere oghere resonant n'akụkụ abụọ nke njikọ PN. N'ime lasers na-eku ume, dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike nweta nke a site na iji Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) ma ọ bụ mkpuchi enyo iji gosipụta ìhè azụ na azụ. Ntọlite a na-enye ohere ịgbatị ogologo ebili mmiri nke ìhè, na-emecha pụta na mmepụta laser dị nhịahụ nke ukwuu na nke ntụzịaka.
3. PN Junction Structures and Design Optimization
Dabere n'ụdị laser semiconductor, usoro PN nwere ike ịdị iche:
Otu heterojunction (SH):
A na-eme mpaghara P-mpaghara, N-mpaghara, na mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ site na otu ihe. Mpaghara nchikota ahụ sara mbara yana adịghịkwa arụ ọrụ.
Ọkpụkpụ Heterojunction ugboro abụọ (DH):
A na-etinye akwa akwa bandgap dị warara dị warara n'etiti mpaghara P- na N. Nke a na-egbochi ma ndị na-ebu na foton, na-eme ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma.
Ọdịdị Quantum ọma:
Na-eji oyi akwa na-arụsi ọrụ ike dị oke mkpa iji mepụta mmetụta njide quantum, na-emezi njirimara ọnụ ụzọ yana ọsọ mgbanwe.
Emebere ihe owuwu ndị a niile iji kwalite arụmọrụ nke ịgba ntụtụ, nchikota na ikuku ọkụ na mpaghara njikọ PN.
4. Nkwubi okwu
Njikọ PN bụ n'ezie "obi" nke laser semiconductor. Ikike ya ịgbanye ndị na-ebu ibu n'okpuru nhụsianya n'ihu bụ isi ihe na-akpalite ọgbọ laser. Site na nhazi nhazi na nhọrọ ihe na njikwa foton, ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ laser dum na-adabere na ịkwalite njikọ PN.
Ka teknụzụ optoelectronic na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, nghọta miri emi nke PN junction physics ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ka arụmọrụ laser dịkwuo elu kamakwa ọ na-atọkwa ntọala siri ike maka mmepe ọgbọ na-esote nke ike dị elu, ọsọ ọsọ na ọnụ ala semiconductor lasers.
Oge nzipu: Mee-28-2025