N'ihe gbasara eletrọniki na optoelectronics nke oge a, ihe ndị e ji emepụta semiconductor na-arụ ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe. Site na ekwentị mkpanaaka na radar ụgbọala ruo na lasers nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ngwaọrụ semiconductor dị ebe niile. N'ime ihe niile dị mkpa, iguzogide bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa maka nghọta na imepụta arụmọrụ ngwaọrụ semiconductor.
1. Gịnị bụ Nguzogide?
Nguzogide bụ ọnụọgụ anụ ahụ nke na-atụle otú ihe si emegide ike nke ọkụ eletrik, nke a na-egosipụtakarị na sentimita ohm (Ω·cm). Ọ na-egosipụta "nguzogide" dị n'ime nke elektrọn na-enweta ka ha na-agagharị n'ime ihe ahụ. Ọ na-enwekarị obere nguzogide, ihe mkpuchi nwere nnukwu nguzogide, semiconductors na-adakwa n'etiti - yana uru agbakwunyere nke nguzogide a na-agbanwe agbanwe. Nguzogide ρ=R*(L/A), ebe: R bụ nguzogide eletriki, A bụ mpaghara obe nke ihe ahụ, L bụ ogologo ihe ahụ.
2. Ihe Ndị Na-emetụta Nguzogide Semiconductor
N'adịghị ka ọla, iguzogide nke semiconductor anaghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa na-emetụta ya:
① Ụdị Ihe: Ihe dị iche iche dịka silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), na indium phosphide (InP) nwere ụkpụrụ dị iche iche nke iguzogide onwe.
② Ịdọ aka ná ntị: Ịtinye ọgwụ ndị e ji agwọ ọrịa (dịka boron ma ọ bụ phosphorus) n'ụdị na njupụta dị iche iche na-agbanwe njupụta nke ihe na-ebu ya, na-emetụta nke ukwuu iguzogide ọrịa.
③ Okpomọkụ: Nguzogide Semiconductor dabere na okpomọkụ nke ukwuu. Ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu, njupụta nke ihe na-ebu ibu na-arị elu, nke na-ebute mbelata nguzogide.
④ Nhazi na Mmebi nke kristal: Mmebi na nhazi kristal - dịka mgbanwe ma ọ bụ ntụpọ - nwere ike igbochi mmegharị nke ndị na-ebu ibu ma si otú a metụta iguzogide.
3. Otu Nguzogide Si Emetụta Arụmọrụ Ngwaọrụ
N'ọrụ ndị dị irè, iguzogide ike na-emetụta oke oriri ike, ọsọ nzaghachi, na nkwụsi ike ọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ:
Na diode laser, oke nrụgide na-eduga na nnukwu okpomọkụ, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ mmepụta ìhè na ndụ ngwaọrụ.
Na ngwaọrụ RF, nguzogide siri ike nke ọma na-eme ka njikọ impedance kacha mma na nnyefe mgbaàmà ka mma.
Na fotodetektọ, ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị elu na-adịkarị mkpa iji nweta obere arụmọrụ ugbu a gbara ọchịchịrị.
Ya mere, nhazi na njikwa nke iguzogide ihe dị oke mkpa na injinia ngwaọrụ semiconductor.
4. Oke Nguzogide Ụlọ Ọrụ A Na-ahụkarị (Uru Ntụaka)
Ụdị ihe onwunwe Nguzogide (Ω·cm)
Silikọn dị n'ime (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
Silikọn e tinyere n'ime mmiri (ụdị n/ụdị p) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (ọkara mkpuchi) ~ 10⁻³
Indium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²
5. Mmechi
Nguzogide abụghị naanị ihe dị mkpa—ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ na ntụkwasị obi nke ngwaọrụ semiconductor ozugbo. Na Lumispot, anyị na-emeziwanye nguzogide site na nhọrọ ihe, usoro doping ziri ezi, na njikwa usoro dị mma iji hụ na ngwaọrụ anyị na-enye arụmọrụ dị elu na ọrụ kwụsiri ike n'ọtụtụ ngwa.
6. Gbasara Anyị
Lumispot bụ ọkachamara n'ịmepụta na imepụta laser semiconductor dị elu na ngwaọrụ optoelectronic. Anyị ghọtara ọrụ dị mkpa nke paramita ihe dị ka resisivity na-arụ na arụmọrụ ngwaahịa. Kpọtụrụ anyị ka ịmatakwu gbasara njikwa resistive, ihe semiconductor ahaziri ahazi, na ngwọta nhazi laser nke dabara na mkpa ngwa gị.
Oge ozi: Jun-09-2025