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Lasers, isi nkuku nke teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, na-adọrọ mmasị dịka ha siri dị mgbagwoju anya.N'ime obi ha ka egwu egwu nke ihe mejupụtara na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji wepụta ìhè na-ejikọta ọnụ, na-abawanye ụba.Blọọgụ a na-abanye n'ime mgbagwoju anya nke ihe ndị a, nke ụkpụrụ sayensị na nha anya kwadoro, iji nye nghọta miri emi nke teknụzụ laser.

Nghọta dị elu n'ime akụrụngwa sistemụ Laser: Echiche nka maka ndị ọkachamara

Akụkụ	Ọrụ	Ihe atụ
Nweta Ọkara	Akara uru bụ ihe dị na laser eji eme ka ìhè dịkwuo elu.Ọ na-eme ka mmụba ọkụ dị mfe site na usoro ngbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na mkpali ikuku.Nhọrọ nke inweta ọkara na-ekpebi njirimara radieshon nke laser.	Lasers siri ike steeti: eg, Nd: YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet), eji na ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ngwa.Gas Lasers: eg, CO2 lasers, eji maka igbutu na ịgbado ọkụ.Lasers semiconductor:eg, laser diodes, eji na fiber optics nkwurịta okwu na laser pointers.
Isi mmalite mgbapụta	The mgbapụta isi iyi na-enye ume na-enweta ọkara iji nweta ngbanwe nke onu ogugu (isi ike nke onu ogugu mmadu), na-enyere laser ọrụ.	Mgbapụta ngwa anya: Iji nnukwu ọkụ ọkụ dị ka flashlamps na-agbapụta lasers steeti siri ike.Mgbapụta ọkụ eletrik: Na-atọ ụtọ gas na lasers gas site na ọkụ eletrik.Semiconductor Pumping: Iji laser diodes na-agbapụta ihe nkedo laser siri ike.
oghere anya	Oghere anya, nke nwere enyo abụọ, na-egosipụta ìhè iji mee ka ogologo ụzọ nke ìhè dịkwuo elu na uru uru, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ìhè dịkwuo elu.Ọ na-enye usoro nzaghachi maka mmụba laser, na-ahọrọ ihe ngosi na njirimara oghere nke ìhè.	Ọghe Planar-Planar: Eji na nyocha ụlọ nyocha, usoro dị mfe.Ọghe Planar-Concave: A na-ahụkarị na lasers ụlọ ọrụ, na-enye ọkụ ọkụ dị elu. oghere mgbanaka: A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụdị pụrụ iche nke lasers mgbanaka, dị ka mgbanaka gas lasers.

Ọkara uru ahụ: Nexus nke Mechanics Quantum na Injinia anya

Quantum Dynamics na Ọkara Gain

Ihe na-enweta uru bụ ebe usoro mgbake ọkụ na-apụta, ihe gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ime igwe nke quantum.Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti steeti ume na ihe dị n'ime usoro a na-achịkwa ụkpụrụ nke ikuku na-akpali akpali na mgbanwe ndị mmadụ.Mmekọrịta dị oke egwu n'etiti ọkụ ọkụ (I), ike mbụ (I0), ntụgharị ntụgharị (σ21), na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na ọkwa ike abụọ (N2 na N1) kọwara site na nhatan I = I0e ^ (σ21(N2-N1)L).Inweta ntụgharị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ, ebe N2> N1, dị mkpa maka mmụba yana bụ isi nkuku nke physics laser [1].

Ọkwa atọ vs. Sistemụ ọkwa anọ

N'ime atụmatụ laser bara uru, sistemụ ọkwa atọ na ọkwa anọ na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ.Sistemụ ọkwa atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mfe, chọrọ ike ka ukwuu iji nweta ngbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ka ọkwa laser dị ala bụ ala ala.Sistemụ ọkwa anọ, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-enye ụzọ dị mma nke ukwuu maka mgbagha mmadụ n'ihi nrụrụ ngwa ngwa na-adịghị radiative site na ọkwa ume dị elu, na-eme ka ha gbasaa na ngwa laser ọgbara ọhụrụ.2].

Is Erbium-doped ikoa inweta ọkara?

Ee, erbium-doped iko bụ n'ezie ụdị uru nke a na-eji na sistemụ laser.N'okwu a, "doping" na-ezo aka na usoro ịgbakwụnye ụfọdụ erbium ion (Er³⁺) na iko.Erbium bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa nke, mgbe etinyere ya n'ime onye ọbịa iko, nwere ike ime ka ìhè dịkwuo elu site na ikuku na-akpali akpali, usoro dị mkpa na ọrụ laser.

Iko Erbium-doped bụ ihe ama ama maka ojiji ya na lasers fiber na amplifiers fiber, ọkachasị na ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta.Ọ dabara nke ọma maka ngwa ndị a n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka ìhè dị ọkụ n'ogologo gburugburu 1550 nm, nke bụ isi ogologo ogologo oge maka nkwukọrịta eriri anya n'ihi obere ọnwụ ya na eriri silica ọkọlọtọ.

Nkeerbiumions na-amịkọrọ ọkụ mgbapụta (na-abụkarị site na alaser diode) ma nwee obi ụtọ na steeti ike dị elu.Mgbe ha laghachiri na steeti ike dị ala, ha na-ebunye foton na ogologo wavelength lasing, na-enye aka na usoro laser.Nke a na-eme ka iko erbium-doped bụrụ nke ọma na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụdị laser na amplifier dị iche iche.

Blọọgụ ndị emetụtara: Akụkọ - Erbium-Doped Glass: Sayensị & Ngwa

Usoro mgbapụta: Ike ịnya ụgbọ ala n'azụ Lasers

Uzo di iche iche iji nweta ntughari onu ogugu ndi mmadu

Nhọrọ nke usoro mgbapụta bụ ihe dị mkpa na nhazi laser, na-emetụta ihe niile site na arụmọrụ ruo ogologo oge mmepụta.Ịgba mgbapụta anya, na-eji isi iyi ọkụ dị n'èzí dị ka flashlamps ma ọ bụ lasers ndị ọzọ, bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na steeti siri ike na lasers agba.A na-ejikarị usoro mwepu ọkụ eletrik arụ ọrụ na laser gas, ebe lasers semiconductor na-ejikarị injection electron.Ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro ịgbapụta mmiri ndị a, karịsịa na lasers steeti siri ike nke diode, abụrụla ihe a na-elekwasị anya na nyocha na nso nso a, na-enye arụmọrụ dị elu na nkwekọrịta.3].

Ntụle nka na ụzụ na nrụpụta mgbapụta

Ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro mgbapụta bụ akụkụ dị oke mkpa nke nhazi laser, na-emetụta arụmọrụ zuru oke na ntinye ngwa ngwa.N'ime lasers steeti siri ike, nhọrọ n'etiti flashlamps na diodes laser dị ka isi iyi mgbapụta nwere ike imetụta arụmọrụ sistemụ, ibu ọkụ na ịdị mma ọkụ.Mmepe nke diodes laser dị elu, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma agbanweela sistemu laser DPSS, na-eme ka atụmatụ kọmpat karịa na nke ọma.4].

Oghere anya: Injinịa nke Laser Beam

Nhazi oghere: Usoro nhazi nke physics na injinia

Oghere anya, ma ọ bụ resonator, abụghị naanị ihe na-agafe agafe kama ọ bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akpụzi ọkụ laser.Nhazi nke oghere, gụnyere curvature na nhazi nke enyo, na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịchọpụta nkwụsi ike, nhazi ọnọdụ, na mmepụta nke laser.Ekwesịrị ịmebe oghere ahụ iji welie uru anya ka ọ na-ebelata mfu, ihe ịma aka na-ejikọta injin anya na optics ebili mmiri.5.

Ọnọdụ Oscillation na Nhọrọ ọnọdụ

Maka oscillation laser na-eme, uru nke onye na-ajụ ase na-enye ga-agaferịrị mfu ndị dị n'ime oghere.Ọnọdụ a, yana ihe achọrọ maka oke ebili mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị ụfọdụ ụdị ogologo ogologo ka akwadoro.A na-emetụta oghere ọnọdụ na nhazi ọnọdụ n'ozuzu ya site n'ogologo anụ ahụ nke oghere ahụ na ndezigharị ngbanwe nke usoro uru.6].

Mmechi

Nhazi na ịrụ ọrụ nke sistemu laser gụnyere ọtụtụ ụdị physics na ụkpụrụ injinia.Site na sistemu quantum na-achị achị uru ruo na injinịa gbagwojuru anya nke oghere anya, akụkụ nke ọ bụla nke sistemu laser na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ ya niile.Edemede a enyela nkọwa n'ime ụwa mgbagwoju anya nke teknụzụ laser, na-enye nghọta na-emetụta nghọta dị elu nke ndị prọfesọ na ndị injinia anya n'ọhịa.

Ngwa Laser emetụtara

Ngwaahịa ndị emetụtara

Diode gbabara Laser steeti siri ike

Jiri usoro Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers (DPSS) kwalite nyocha gị na ngwa gị.Ndị lasers ndị a, nke nwere ikike ịgbapụta ike dị elu, ịdị mma ọkụ pụrụ iche, na nkwụsi ike na-enweghị atụ, na-enye azịza dị iche iche maka ngwa.

Laser diode Array

Usoro nke Laser Diode Stacks dị na kehoraizin, vetikal, polygon, ring, na mini-stacked arrays, soldered together using AuSn hard soldering technology.Enwere ike iji nchịkọta jụrụ oyi na ìhè, nyocha, nchọpụta na isi mmalite mgbapụta.

Fiber jikọtara ọnụ Laser diode

A na-akọwa lasers diode fiber jikọtara ọnụ, nke na-ebunye ọkụ dị larịị na okirikiri nwere ịdị mma symmetrical, dị ka ngwaọrụ laser diode na-ejikọta ọkụ na-esi na ya pụta na eriri anya.

Erbium-Doped Glass Laser

Igwe Laser nke Erbium-Doped Glass anyị, nke a maara dị ka 1535nm Anya-Safe Er Glass Laser, karịrị nke ọma na nso nso a na-echekwa anya.Ọ na-enye arụmọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, nke dị ọnụ ahịa, na-ebunye ìhè nke cornea na akụkụ anya kristal na-etinye n'ime ya, na-ahụ maka nchekwa retina.

Ntụaka

1. Siegman, AE (1986).Laser.Akwụkwọ sayensị mahadum.
2. Svelto, O. (2010).Ụkpụrụ nke Lasers.Springer.
3. Koechner, W. (2006).Injinia Laser Steeti siri ike.Springer.
4. Piper, JA, & Mildren, RP (2014).Diode gbabara Lasers steeti siri ike.Na Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications (Vol. III).CRC Press.
5. Milonni, PW, & Eberly, JH (2010).Laser Physics.Wiley.
6. Silfvast, WT (2004).Laser Fundamentals.Mahadum Mahadum Cambridge.

Oge nzipu: Nov-27-2023

Ihe ndị dị mkpa nke laser: Nweta Ọkara, Isi mmalite mgbapụta, na oghere anya.