Akụkọ - Ụkpụrụ bụ isi na ngwa nke usoro TOF (Oge nke ụgbọ elu).

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Usoro isiokwu a na-achọ inye ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nghọta miri emi na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke usoro oge nke ụgbọ elu (TOF). Ọdịnaya kpuchiri nkọwapụta zuru oke nke sistemu TOF, gụnyere nkọwa zuru ezu nke ma TOF (iTOF) na-apụtaghị ìhè na TOF (dTOF). Akụkụ ndị a na-abanye n'ime usoro sistemụ, uru na ọghọm ha, yana algọridim dị iche iche. Akụkọ ahụ na-enyochakwa akụkụ dị iche iche nke usoro TOF, dị ka Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), nnyefe na anya anya nnabata, na-enweta sensọ dị ka CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, na sekit ọkwọ ụgbọ ala dị ka ASIC.

Okwu mmalite nke TOF (Oge ụgbọ elu)

Ụkpụrụ bụ isi

TOF, na-eguzo maka oge ụgbọ elu, bụ usoro a na-eji tụọ anya site na ịgbakọ oge ọ na-ewe maka ìhè iji gaa ebe dị anya na ọkara. A na-etinye ụkpụrụ a n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ TOF anya ma ọ kwụ ọtọ. Usoro a na-agụnye isi iyi ọkụ na-ebunye ọkụ ọkụ, na-edekọ oge ikuku. Ìhè a na-egosiputa ihe e lekwasịrị anya, onye nnata na-ejide ya, a na-ahụkwa oge nnabata. Ọdịiche dị na oge ndị a, nke akpọrọ t, na-ekpebi ebe dị anya (d = ọsọ ọkụ (c) × t / 2).

Ụdị ihe mmetụta ToF

Enwere ụdị isi abụọ nke sensọ ToF: ngwa anya na electromagnetic. Ihe mmetụta ToF anya, nke a na-ahụkarị, na-eji ọkụ ọkụ, na-adịkarị na oke infrared, maka nha anya. A na-esi na ihe mmetụta na-apụta, na-atụgharị ihe, ma laghachi na ihe mmetụta, ebe a na-atụ oge njem ma jiri ya gbakọọ anya. N'ụzọ dị iche, ihe mmetụta electromagnetic ToF na-eji ebili mmiri elektrọn, dị ka radar ma ọ bụ lidar, iji tụọ anya. Ha na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ yiri nke ahụ mana ha na-eji usoro dị ichenha anya.

Ngwa nke ihe mmetụta ToF

Sensọ ToF dị ọtụtụ ma ejikọtala ya na mpaghara dị iche iche:

Robotics:Eji maka nchọpụta ihe mgbochi na igodo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, robots dị ka Roomba na Boston Dynamics 'Atlas na-eji igwefoto omimi ToF maka ịdepụta gburugburu ha na nhazi mmegharị.

Sistemụ nchekwa:Igwe ihe mmetụta na-emegharị emegharị maka ịchọpụta ndị omempụ, ịkpalite mkpu, ma ọ bụ ịgbalite sistemụ igwefoto.

Ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala:Etinyere n'ime sistemu inyeaka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala maka njikwa ụgbọ mmiri na-eme mgbanwe na ịzere nkukota, na-agbasawanye na ụdị ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ.

Ubi ahụike: A na-arụ ọrụ na onyogho na-adịghị emerụ ahụ na nchọpụta nchọpụta, dị ka anya coherence tomography (OCT), na-emepụta ihe oyiyi anụ ahụ dị elu.

Eletrọnịkị ndị ahịa: Ejikọtara n'ime smartphones, mbadamba na laptọọpụ maka njirimara dị ka njirimara ihu, nyocha biometric, na njirimara mmegharị ahụ.

Drones:A na-eji ya maka ịnyagharị, ịzere nkukota, yana n'ịgbasa nchegbu nzuzo na ụgbọ elu

Ụlọ ọrụ TOF System Architecture

Usoro TOF na-ahụkarị nwere ọtụtụ isi ihe iji nweta nha anya dị ka akọwara:

· Mbufe (Tx):Nke a gụnyere isi iyi ọkụ laser, tumadi aVCSEL, ASIC ọkwọ ụgbọ ala iji kwọọ laser, yana ngwa anya maka njikwa beam dị ka lenses collimating ma ọ bụ ihe anya anya dị iche, na nzacha.
· Onye nnata (Rx):Nke a nwere lenses na ihe nzacha na njedebe nnata, ihe mmetụta dị ka CIS, SPAD, ma ọ bụ SiPM dabere na usoro TOF, na ihe ngosi ngosi ihe oyiyi (ISP) maka nhazi nnukwu data sitere na mgbawa nnata.
·Njikwa Ike:Ijikwa ụlọ ọrụnjikwa ugbu a maka VCSEL na nnukwu voltaji maka SPAD dị oke mkpa, na-achọ njikwa ike siri ike.
· oyi akwa Software:Nke a gụnyere firmware, SDK, OS, na oyi akwa ngwa.

Ihe owuwu a na-egosi ka ọkụ laser, sitere na VCSEL ma gbanwee site na ngwa anya, na-aga na mbara igwe, na-egosipụta ihe, wee laghachi na onye nnata. Ngụkọta oge na-agafe na usoro a na-ekpughe ozi dị anya ma ọ bụ omimi. Otú ọ dị, ihe owuwu a anaghị ekpuchi ụzọ mkpọtụ, dị ka ụda ọkụ na-akpata ìhè anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ụda ọtụtụ ụzọ site na ntụgharị uche, nke a na-atụle n'ikpeazụ na usoro.

Nhazi nke TOF Systems

A na-ahazi usoro TOF site na usoro nha anya ha: TOF (dTOF) na TOF na-apụtaghị ìhè (iTOF), nke ọ bụla nwere ngwaike dị iche iche na usoro algorithmic. Usoro nke mbụ na-akọwapụta ụkpụrụ ha tupu ha abanye n'ime ntụle ntụle nke uru ha, ihe ịma aka na usoro usoro.

N'agbanyeghị ụkpụrụ nke yiri ka ọ dị mfe nke TOF - na-ewepụta ọkụ ọkụ na ịchọpụta nlọghachi ya iji gbakọọ anya - mgbagwoju anya dị n'ichepụta ìhè na-alọghachi site na ìhè ambient. A na-elebara nke a anya site n'iwepụ ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke nke ọma iji nweta oke mgbama na-eme mkpọtụ na ịhọrọ ogologo ebili mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị iji belata nnyonye anya ọkụ gburugburu. Ụzọ ọzọ bụ itinye koodu ọkụ na-ekupụ iji mee ka ọ dị iche ma ọ laghachi azụ, dịka akara SOS nwere ọkụ ọkụ.

Usoro a na-aga n'ihu iji tụnyere dTOF na iTOF, na-ekwurịta ọdịiche ha, uru, na ihe ịma aka ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-ekewakwa usoro TOF dabere na mgbagwoju anya nke ozi ha na-enye, sitere na 1D TOF ruo 3D TOF.

dTOF

Direct TOF na-atụ kpọmkwem oge ụgbọ elu foton. Akụkụ bụ isi ya, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), nwere mmetụta zuru oke iji chọpụta otu foton. dTOF na-eji Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) tụọ oge ndị bịarutere foton, na-emepụta ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme iji wepụta ogologo oge dị anya dabere na ugboro kachasị elu nke otu oge dị iche.

iTOF

TOF na-apụtaghị ìhè na-agbakọ oge ụgbọ elu dabere na ọdịiche nke akụkụ dị n'etiti ụdị ikuku na-ebupụta na enwetara, na-ejikarị mgbama ebili mmiri na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ pulse modulation. iTOF nwere ike iji ụkpụrụ ụlọ ihe mmetụta ihe onyonyo ọkọlọtọ, na-atụle ike ọkụ ka oge na-aga.

A na-ekewakwa iTOF ka ọ bụrụ mgbanwe mgbanwe mgbanwe na-aga n'ihu (CW-iTOF) na pulse modulation (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF na-atụ ngbanwe oge n'etiti ebili mmiri na-ebupụta na enwetara, ebe Pulsed-iTOF na-agbakọ ngbanwe oge site na iji akara ebili mmiri square.

Ọgụgụ ọzọ:

Wikipedia. (nd). Oge ụgbọ elu. Ewepụtara nahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
Otu òkè nke Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (nd). ToF (Oge ụgbọ elu) | Nkà na ụzụ nkịtị nke ihe mmetụta onyonyo. Ewepụtara nahttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
Microsoft. (2021, Febụwarị 4). Okwu mmalite nke oge ụgbọ elu Microsoft (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. Ewepụtara nahttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
ESCATEC. (2023, Maachị 2). Oge nke ụgbọ elu (TOF) sensọ: Nleba anya dị omimi na ngwa. Ewepụtara nahttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications

Site na ibe weebụhttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/

Onye edemede: Chao Guang

Nkwuputa:

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