Akụkọ - Ụkpụrụ bụ isi na itinye Sistemụ TOF (Oge Ụgbọelu) n'ọrụ

Denye aha na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta anyị maka ozi ozugbo

Usoro a na-achọ inye ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nghọta miri emi na nke na-aga n'ihu nke sistemụ Oge Ụgbọelu (TOF). Ọdịnaya ahụ na-ekpuchi nkọwa zuru oke nke sistemụ TOF, gụnyere nkọwa zuru ezu nke ma TOF na-apụtaghị ìhè (iTOF) na TOF kpọmkwem (dTOF). Akụkụ ndị a na-enyocha paramita sistemụ, uru na ọghọm ha, na algọridim dị iche iche. Isiokwu ahụ na-enyochakwa akụkụ dị iche iche nke sistemụ TOF, dị ka Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), lenses nnyefe na nnata, sensọ nnata dị ka CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, na sekit ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala dị ka ASICs.

Okwu Mmalite nke TOF (Oge Ụgbọelu)

Ụkpụrụ Ndị Bụ Isi

TOF, nke pụtara Oge Ụgbọelu, bụ ụzọ e si atụ anya site n'ịgbakọ oge ọ na-ewe ka ìhè gaa ebe dị anya n'ime ihe. A na-ejikarị ụkpụrụ a eme ihe n'ọnọdụ TOF anya ma dịkwa mfe nghọta. Usoro a gụnyere isi iyi ọkụ na-ewepụta ìhè, ebe e dekọrọ oge mwepụta. Ìhè a na-egosipụta ihe mgbaru ọsọ, onye nnata na-ejide ya, a na-ahụkwa oge nnabata. Ihe dị iche n'oge ndị a, nke a na-akpọ t, na-ekpebi anya (d = ọsọ nke ìhè (c) × t / 2).

Ụdị sensọ ToF

E nwere ụdị sensọ ToF abụọ bụ isi: optical na electromagnetic. Sensọ ToF Optical, nke a na-ahụkarị, na-eji pulses ìhè, nke a na-ahụkarị na oke infrared, maka nha anya. A na-ewepụta pulses ndị a site na sensọ, na-egosipụta ihe, ma laghachi na sensọ ahụ, ebe a na-atụ oge njem ma jiri ya gbakọọ anya. N'ụzọ dị iche, sensọ ToF electromagnetic na-eji ebili mmiri electromagnetic, dị ka radar ma ọ bụ lidar, tụọ anya. Ha na-arụ ọrụ na otu ụkpụrụ mana ha na-eji usoro dị iche makanha anya.

Ngwa nke sensọ ToF

Ihe mmetụta ToF dị iche iche ma etinyela ha n'ọtụtụ mpaghara dị iche iche:

Ngwa Rọbọtik:A na-eji ya maka nchọpụta ihe mgbochi na ịnyagharịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, robot dịka Roomba na Boston Dynamics' Atlas na-eji igwefoto omimi ToF maka eserese gburugburu ha na nhazi mmegharị.

Sistemụ Nchebe:Ihe mmetụta a na-ahụkarị maka ịchọpụta ndị na-awakpo, ịkpalite mkpu, ma ọ bụ ime ka sistemụ igwefoto rụọ ọrụ.

Ụlọ Ọrụ Ụgbọala:E tinyere ya na sistemụ enyemaka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala maka njikwa ụgbọ mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na izere mkpọka, na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị na ụdị ụgbọala ọhụrụ.

Ngalaba AhụikeA na-eji ya eme ihe na onyonyo na nchọpụta ọrịa na-anaghị emerụ ahụ, dịka onyonyo optical coherence tomography (OCT), na-emepụta onyonyo anụ ahụ dị elu.

Eletrọniki Ndị Ahịa*: E tinyere ya na ekwentị mkpanaaka, mbadamba, na laptọọpụ maka atụmatụ dịka njirimara ihu, njirimara biometric, na njirimara mmegharị ahụ.

Drones:A na-eji ya maka ịnyagharị, izere ihe mberede, na idozi nsogbu nzuzo na ụgbọ elu

Nhazi Sistemụ TOF

Usoro TOF nkịtị nwere ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa iji nweta nha anya dịka akọwara:

· Onye na-eziga ozi (Tx):Nke a gụnyere isi iyi ọkụ laser, ọkachasịVCSEL, ASIC nke na-anya ụgbọala iji kwọọ laser ahụ, yana ihe ndị dị na anya maka njikwa ọkụ dị ka lensị na-agbakọta ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, na nzacha.
· Onye nnata (Rx):Nke a gụnyere lensị na nzacha na njedebe nnata, ihe mmetụta dịka CIS, SPAD, ma ọ bụ SiPM dabere na sistemụ TOF, yana ihe nhazi ihe mgbaàmà onyonyo (ISP) maka ịhazi nnukwu data site na mgbawa nnata.
·Njikwa Ike:Ijikwa ụlọ siri ikenjikwa ugbu a maka VCSELs na voltaji dị elu maka SPADs dị oke mkpa, nke chọrọ njikwa ike siri ike.
· Akwa ngwanrọ:Nke a gụnyere firmware, SDK, OS, na oyi akwa ngwa.

Nhazi ahụ na-egosi otu ọkụ laser, nke sitere na VCSEL ma gbanwee ya site na ihe ndị dị n'ime anya, si agafe n'ime oghere, na-egosipụta ihe, ma na-alaghachi na onye nnata ahụ. Ngụkọta oge na-agafe na usoro a na-ekpughe ozi anya ma ọ bụ omimi. Agbanyeghị, usoro a anaghị ekpuchi ụzọ mkpọtụ, dị ka mkpọtụ anyanwụ kpatara ma ọ bụ mkpọtụ ọtụtụ ụzọ site na ntụgharị uche, nke a ga-atụle ma emechaa n'usoro ahụ.

Nhazi nke Sistemụ TOF

Usoro TOF bụ nke e ji usoro nha anya ha kewaa nke ọma: TOF kpọmkwem (dTOF) na TOF na-apụtaghị ìhè (iTOF), nke ọ bụla nwere ụzọ ngwaike na algọridim dị iche iche. Usoro a na-akọwapụta ụkpụrụ ha tupu ha eleba anya na nyocha ntụnyere nke uru, ihe ịma aka, na paramita sistemụ ha.

N'agbanyeghị ụkpụrụ TOF dị mfe - na-ewepụta ọkụ na-agba ma na-achọpụta nloghachi ya iji gbakọọ anya - mgbagwoju anya dị n'ịchọpụta ọdịiche dị n'ìhè na-alọghachi na ìhè gbara gburugburu. A na-edozi nke a site n'itinye ìhè na-enwu nke ọma iji nweta oke mgbaàmà-na-mkpọtụ dị elu na ịhọrọ ogologo ebili mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị iji belata nnyonye anya ìhè gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụzọ ọzọ bụ itinye koodu ìhè a na-ewepụta ka ọ dị iche mgbe ọ laghachiri, dị ka akara SOS nwere ọkụ ọkụ.

Usoro a na-aga n'ihu iji tụnyere dTOF na iTOF, na-atụle ọdịiche ha, uru ha, na ihe ịma aka ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ma na-ekewa usoro TOF dabere na mgbagwoju anya nke ozi ha na-enye, site na 1D TOF ruo 3D TOF.

dTOF

Direct TOF na-atụle oge ụgbọelu nke photon. Isi ihe dị na ya, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), nwere mmetụta zuru oke iji chọpụta otu photon. dTOF na-eji Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) iji tụọ oge ọbịbịa photon, na-ewu histogram iji chọpụta anya kacha nwee ike dabere na ugboro kachasị elu nke ọdịiche oge kpọmkwem.

iTOF

TOF na-apụtaghị ìhè na-agbakọ oge ụgbọ elu dabere na ọdịiche nke usoro dị n'etiti ụdị ebili mmiri ewepụtara na nke a natara, nke a na-ejikarị akara mmegharị ebili mmiri na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ pulse. iTOF nwere ike iji usoro ihe mmetụta onyonyo ọkọlọtọ, na-atụ ike ọkụ ka oge na-aga.

A na-ekewa iTOF n'ime mgbanwe ebili mmiri na-aga n'ihu (CW-iTOF) na mgbanwe pulse (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF na-atụle mgbanwe ebili mmiri dị n'etiti ebili mmiri sinusoidal ewepụtara na nke natara, ebe Pulsed-iTOF na-agbakọ mgbanwe ebili mmiri site na iji akara ebili mmiri square.

Ịgụ Ihe Ọzọ:

Wikipedia. (nd). Oge ụgbọelu. E si na ya nweta yahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oge_njem_ụgbọ elu
Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (nd). ToF (Oge ụgbọelu) | Teknụzụ a na-ahụkarị nke ihe mmetụta onyonyo. E si na ya nweta yahttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
Microsoft. (2021, Febụwarị 4). Okwu Mmalite nke Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. E si na ya nweta yahttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
ESCATEC. (2023, Maachị 2). Ihe mmetụta oge ụgbọelu (TOF): Nkọwa miri emi na ngwa. E si na ya nweta ya.https://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications

Site na ibe weebụhttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/

site n'aka onye dere ya: Chao Guang

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